If you are using a PC/Mac, a computer in general you have to have some form of operating system (OS).
DOS stands for Disk Operating System, so even the internals of the computer have to have a set of instructions.
A hard drive is far more complex than a cassette or reel tape. It doesn't write from beginning to end, data is placed wherever it can be placed and retrieved in the order it's assigned to the spaces on that drive. It is non-linear? would that be the phrase I'm searching for.
So even a dedicated hard disk recorder has an operating system of some sort.
Remember that BIOS is Basic Input/Output System, the most fundamental form of an operating system.
Remember also that you have multiple disks, heads...the drive has to have a format to be controlled as it can't record from start to finish...it has to have a structure and partitions to be able to seek and read/write the in the same general manner or the data is not going to be usable.
When you format a hard drive, you are not ERASING it...you are removing the old partition(s) and format data to reconfigure it and the data is disassociated, making it unuseable. You will be writing over old information. The only way to destroy that data completely is to perform a series of writeovers on the free space. This is the premise of 'eraser' or 'evidence eliminator' type programs.
Formatting a disk also involves clearing the master boot record (MBR) to rewrite the disk's storage structure.
You can assign more than one drive identifier (i.e. C: or D: etc) if you have create more than one partition on the drive. You can also use multiple partitions to set up more than one operating system or dedicated purpose on that drive. Having say, Windows 2000 Professional in one partitiion and XP on another, would allow a multiple boot option in which you can could to boot in the OS you want...this also allows for the operation of a 'virtual machine' within your standand operations.
So no, you have to have some set of instructions to tell the computer or other device how to save and retrieve the data or else it's useless, OS or not. For external drives you will have to use the computer OS to add the drive to store on it. Again there are programs to help you use an external drive to save your music files to. Many event DJs do this, especially if they have a laptop or computer with a small amount of drivespace and it allows them to often add huge amounts of drivespace to a limited computer, say a laptop.
BIOS has the instructions on how to formate the hard drive but you must load an operating system after that to use it in a computer, or a storage device for that matter.
To rip content to a hard disk you must have a program to tell the source what to do and how to assign it to the disk. There are many programs available to transfer the programming source matter to the needed data form. This can be built into an OS, device or added as another program (often called a MEDIA PLAYER/BROWSER) to the computer to gather files and store them. From there they can be accessed by the browser or other program that can handle them.
Side note: Sometimes your REGISTRY corrupts (has errors) bad enough that some data is no longer accessable to the OS/browser...then you 'lose it'...it's never lost until written over although it takes advanced skills and tools to recover the 'lost' data.
The registry keeps track of where data can be found for later retrieval, hence, if it goes bad then data is 'gone' and this creates errors.
Fortunately, in most cases, components of the OS, programs and files can be restored to most of the correct status by checking against 'checksums' and error correction routines, In most cases this is enough to preserve the function of the OS or program.